I loko o nā noi ʻoihana koʻikoʻi, nā mea hana i ka hopena kiʻekiʻe , kiʻekiʻe abrasion inevitably pilikia mechanical attack, chemical attack, corrosion, a i ʻole ma ka hui ʻana o kēia mau ʻano ʻekolu.
Hiki i ka YIHO's Ceramics ke hāʻawi i nā ʻano ʻāpana liner seramika no ke kaiapuni abrading o ka mea kūʻai.Hoʻohana ʻia ka liner seramika composite no nā noi paʻakikī me nā mea kiʻekiʻe loa.i ka hui 'ana o ka 'a'ahu loa a me ka ho'opa'a 'ana a me ka lō'ihi o ka ho'ohana 'ana e pono ai, Ultraming e hā'awi aku i ka liner seramika i hui pū me nā pōhaku lepo nui a pa'akikī i ho'opa'a 'ia i loko o ka matrix.Hiki iā ia ke hoʻohana i kēia huahana i nā noi me ka nui o ka hopena me ka ʻole o ka hōʻeha ʻana i nā pōhaku lepo.